Waste sorting facility with productivity up to 100 thousand tons of MSW per year (variant)

Variant 1.

Waste sorting line contains one sorting line with posts of manual sorting, at with following operations have been provided: 

• manual selecting of bulky waste at the waste receiving site;

• manual selection of cardboard and polyethylene, log textile (curtains, cloths, etc.) and desirable bag opening before loading conveyor;

• automatic fine (ballast) fractions separation and their transportation by conveyor into container at fine fraction separator;

• manual selection of useful fractions at the sorting conveyor;

• transporting of selected useful fractions to the sorting site;

• automatic selection of ferrous metals at the end of sorting conveyor at magnetic separator;

• loading of “tailings” of sorting into containers by reversible conveyor. 

Waste is being transported by garbage trucks and unloaded on unloading area. Waste loading on loading chain conveyor (3) is performed by front-end loader. Front-end loader moves waste into the pit (1) of loading conveyor. Sorters, which stay at the opposite sides from loading conveyor, (1-2 sorters) are select bulky waste, lists of cardboard, polyethylene and long textile – all items, which could prevent screening of fine fraction at fine fraction separator or may cause abnormal situation for equipment operation. 

Waste flow leveler (2) provides uniform (with an adjusted height) placement of waste flow on loading conveyor. This allows improve the quality of selection of large objects, fine fraction screening on the rotary separator and increase the efficiency of waste sorting line.

 Fine fraction separator (4) is designed for automatic separation of fraction less than 70 mm. This device is row of rotating shafts with gaps between each other. Each shaft has triangle shaped protruding elements. Shafts rotate in same direction through the transmission of torque chain transmissions, placed outside workspace (outside boards). Getting on turning shafts of the separator, material moves forward. Includes, which are less than 70x70 millimeters, falling between shafts on removing conveyor under separator. Screening of fine fraction is 20-35% of incoming waste weight. Purified from fine fraction waste from fine fraction separator is getting to sorting belt conveyor (5). 

Sorting conveyor (belt, roller) is designed for horizontal transportation of waste and to provide work of waste sorting operators (sorters). Sorting conveyor is placed on platform, which have stairs, enclosure, hatches for dumping selected recyclables. 

Posts with hatches are placed along sorting conveyor, at both sides. Sorters select same useful fraction (one post of manual sorting). 

Selected material (paper, PET, HDPE, LDPE, etc.) through hatches enter into accumulation cells or into containers. After filling accumulation cells useful fractions are being loaded to pressing site. 

Sorting cabin is mounted on sorting platform for comfortable sorters work. It is metallic frame, paneled with sandwich-panels 50 millimeters wide (standard type) or polycarbonate sheets (economical type). Cabin includes plastic doors, plastic windows (for standard type) in front of work places, lights along sorting conveyor, ventilation, electrical heating for working in cold seasons. 

Waste remaining after useful fractions selecting (“tailings” of sorting) is being transported on reversible conveyor, from where “tailings” of sorting are being loaded into open containers or press-compactors, placed at both sides of reversible conveyor. 

Reversible conveyor is designed for alternate loading into 2 containers. When container is filled, to ensure a continuous sorting process, direction of reversible conveyor switches to fill empty container. 

Magnetic separator (7) is placed above sorting and reversible conveyors, and designed for selection of ferrous materials from waste flow. This separator is a belt conveyor with magnetic plate. Ferromagnetic inclusions are being attracted by the magnetic plate and get on belt. Belt has welded rubber profiles, moving attracted ferrous metals. As the belt of magnetic separator moves, ferromagnetic inclusions leave the zone of magnetic plate, and ferrous metals gets into container by the gravity, which placed outside the conveyor. 

PET-containers are more closed and have inside air and/or some liquid. While pressing, this air and liquid create internal pressure on pressed bale, what could lead to its destruction and injure workers. 

PET perforator is placed in sorting platform cell, under dumping window. After filling of PET perforator hopper, it turning on and perforated PET-containers falls in accumulation cell. 

Variant 2.

Waste sorting line contains one sorting line with posts of manual sorting, at with following operations have been provided: 

• manual selecting of bulky waste at the waste receiving site;

• automatic leveling of waste flow;

• manual selection of cardboard and polyethylene, log textile (curtains, cloths, etc.) and bags and its opening at presorting line;

• automatic fine (ballast) fractions separation and their transportation by conveyor into container at fine fraction separator;

• manual selection of useful fractions at the sorting conveyor;

• transporting of selected useful fractions to the sorting site;

• automatic selection of ferrous metals at the end of sorting conveyor at magnetic separator;

• loading of “tailings” of sorting into containers by reversible conveyor. 

Waste is being transported by garbage trucks and unloaded on unloading area. Waste loading on loading chain conveyor (1) is performed by front-end loader. Front-end loader moves waste into the pit of loading conveyor. Sorters, which stay at the opposite sides from loading conveyor, (1-2 sorters) are select bulky waste. 

Waste flow leveler (2) provides uniform (with an adjusted height) placement of waste flow on loading conveyor, what improves quality of selection of large items, screening of fine fraction on rotary separator, increases efficiency of manual selection on waste sorting line. 

Bag opener (4) is designed for opening bags with municipal solid waste. Operation of this device consists in opening bags and shaking them, which significantly reduced manual labor. Bag opener is installed under cell of presorting post. Sorters at the opposite sides of sorting conveyor take bags and drop them in dumpling, leading to bag opener. Waste from opened bags is coming on second loading conveyor (5) and with general waste flow is leaded on fine fraction separator (6).

Further process is similar to variant 1.